Engine fuel-pump



A S. HAWKS.

ENGINE FUEL PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.Z9, I917- RENEWED APR.L19ZO- 1 341 ,GQQ Patented June 1, 1929.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1- A. S. HAWKS.

ENGINE FUEL PUMP.

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HAWKS, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, ASSIGNORTO BUSCH-SULZER BRG$.- SE'L ENGINE COMPANY, OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, A CORPORATION 015 ENGINE 'IE"U'ELPU1VIP.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 1., ll'lzitlo .llpplicetion filed August 29, 1917, Serial No. 188,733. Renewed April 1, 1920. Serial No. 370,538.

12'?) all 11-1 mm 2'15 may concern.

lie it known that I, ARTHUR S. .HAWKS, a ci en. oi" the United States of funerica, residiiugin St. Louis lllissouri, have invented the ellowingxlescribed Improvements in lilngrinc huelluinps.

The invention concerns an organization of fuel pumping and control elements for the supply of lupiid tuel under high pressure to injection type engines, such as Diesel Qi'lfgllll-ZS and more especially relates to the means herein described and broadly claimed whereby the fuel delivery is subject to sensitive control to suit the load or the desired speed, and of auxiliary and independent controls for starting and emergency needs and whereby the delivery of a plurality of individual pumping cylinders to their respective engine cylinders subject to coincident sen eitive and equal control in conjunction with other controls, bygroups, and altogether or emergency. The invention further relates to the relative arrangement oi? the cylinders and pump and control valves or uuei'uluu's whereby the structure occupies but small space and all of the "anions controls therein are coordinated in compact and runged 'l OIll1 all as hereinafter made fully apparent to those sltilhvl in the art.

ln the acconnyanyinp' drawings, which illustrate the preferred embodiment of the inveution,-

Figure l is a side elevation illueitratingthe principal partsv and also certain portions of the engine to which the fuel pump applied;

l' i r. i5 is a top plan of the parts shown l Fl" 5 is a horizontal section through the the pumping cylinders on line l with certain parts in plan;

is a vertical section on line U -IV El in the direction of the arrows;

" a cross section on line V-V of with the pump body in elevation; and l3 an elevation taken from the left side of l ig.

l'igm'iine' paratus according to the pres- 11 1011 may he applied to injection type .eiuiucs of various designs and sizes =-id is illustrated in the figures just ferred to as applied to a multicylinder engine and so arranged thereon as to be driven by an eccentric or crank mechanism concealed Within the shaft housing marked 1 in Fig. 1. The pump body is bolted by its flange 2, at one end, to this housing and supported at its other end by a bracket 3 which may be secured to the engine structure in any suitable Way. The severe]. pumping" cylinders, of which there are six in the present case and marked 4:, are bored in the pump body in double opposed rows and all in the same plane, ivhich is a horizontal plane for tlie case in hand, so that there are thus three pumping cylinders on each side of the pump body. The pumping plungers, marked 5,ol each group of three cylinders 'are all connected to common cross-head 6 and both cross-heads are joined by yoke rods '7 sliding in. bearings 8 on opposite sides of the pump body illustrated in Fig; 33. The yoke structure thus formed is connected to the eccentric strap partially shown in Fig. 3 and there marked 9, so that the,

entiregr-cu t) of plungcrs moves in unison and each stroke imparted by the eccentric is a pumpingstrolre for the group of cylinders on one side of the pump or the other.-

ol: the horizontal pumping The inner enos cylimlers open into their respective valve cluunlr t: which are formed in the central upsmnding part ll) of the p18 p body and the suction val for each I the several cylinders are 4 sod at the i r ends of such chambers, being arrai; l in rows transverse to the plane of the ylinders and also to the axes thereof.

The said suction valves serve to admit the fuel linders through. suitable ports not new to be referred'to and they mode of operation, the stroke period of which is variably coordinated-With the yoke structure or the main pumping eleinents of the apparatus. The hell-crank levers 13 are reverse duplicates of each other end each urther mn'pose oi regulating the principles of charge reguor 'inembers of any suitable character or stroke of the cylinders to which said row has a power arm 13 extending downward toward the reciprocating yoke structure at one side of the pump body and a working arm 13 above said body and above the upstanding portion 10 thereof and extending toward the proximate row of regulating valves 11v therein. Each bell-crank lever is fulcruiiied on a pair of eccentric bearings 14 formed on one of a pair of parallel rock shafts 15 which latter are journaled in brackets 16 formed on or bolted to the opposite sides of the pump body. The two eccentric bearings 14- on each rock shaft are disposed near the supported ends thereof (Fig. 5) and the hub portion of the bell-crank lever is divided into two parts respectively mounted on each eccentric bearing and joined by the cross bar 13 which is parallel to the row of valves 11 and carries the adjustable thrust screws 20 for engaging the stems of each of them. Each power arm 13 extends into the path of one of a pair of tappets 17 formed on a sleeve secured fast to the yoke rod 7 on one side of the pump body and is so related thereto that the bellcrank will be operated to operate its corresponding row of regulating. valves in some predetermined relation to the pumping of valves pertains. In the case in hand and wherein the regulating valve is thesuction valve of the pump, the bell-crank valve lever for such valve or row of valves is struck by the tappeton the suction stroke for the cylinders on that side of the pumpand the suction valves are thereby opened (if they have not already been opened by the inflowing fuel).

to close until the tappet arm 17 parts con tact with arm 13" or at least permits its return to some determinate position and until such point is reached the suction valve remaining open. allows a part of the fuel sucked in on the previous stroke to be returned back through it. Only that part which remains after the valve has closed upon its seat will be forced through the delivery valve and delivery tube 18' to the injection valve on the engine cylinder.- The charge admitted to the engine is thus dependent on the manner or period of engagement. or disengagement. of the tappet with its bell-crank andX-ah be varied by varying that period. For this purpose and ac cording to the present invention several controls and several adjustments are-provide(l, all adapted to change the relation of the lltll-(lllllh' either to its tappet arm or to the regulating members or both. The striker screws 19 in the end of each tappet arm 17 constitute one of such adjustments, the principal useof which however. maybe merely as a take-up for wear. The thrust ()n the beginning of the ensuing; force stroke. the valve is initially held open by the bell-crank and will not be permitted f screws 20 carried on the cross bar 13 of each bell-crank, serve to adjust the relation of each valve or regulating member, individually, to that crank and for obvious purposes. he running control of the bell-crank is accomplished by rotating the rock shafts 15 on which said cranks are eccentrically fulcrumed and such rotation is done by a crank arm 21 secured to the end of one of said shafts and connected to the other shaft by the segment gears 22 which closely and accurately intermesh so that both shafts receive equal angular displacement from the crank arm 21 and correspondingly and equally vary the p ition of the fulcrum axes of the bell-crank and hence of the relative timing of the fuel.regulating members 11.

It will be observed that it is by virtue of this or equivalent inter-gearing of the valve lever shafts which imparts an equal con trol motion to each, that the multiple pumping cylinders can be conveniently and practically disposed in the double opposed rows above described and with the suction 'alves or other regulating members disposed centrally of the pump body and compactly related to the operating members or pumping element on opposite sides thereof. It will be further observed that by reason of the location of the fulcrum axes of the bell crank lever in the relative position above described and with power arms extending toward the plane of the reciprocating yoke structure, a reliable and proper coordination of said levers and through them of the fuel regulating means is attained. Fuel pumps with pumping elements thus divided and organized can be made in extremely compact form for very large sizes of mult1- cylinder engines and with remarkable accuracy of regulation with respect to the delivery to each engine cylinder. The operating connections 23 (Fig. 1) run from the crank arm 21 to the operators control stand and will be understood to be the agency whereby the operator adjusts the speed of the engine although in some typcs of engines the said I connections might run to an engine governor of the usual type.

The bell-crank levers 13 are urged by spring pressure toward their inactive positions and in the case shown a single spring 24.- joinin the two arms 13 serves this purpose. itither or both bellcranks may be swung on its bearings against the pull of this spring and independently of the adjustments above described and also independently of the running control imparted to the inter-geared rock shafts 15, and may be swung or rocked thereomto' such extent as to depress the regulating members 11 and hold them depressed irrespective of the reciprocation of the pumping plungers and so as to render either group or both groups oi pumping cylinders completely inoperarock shafts l5 and connected by one arm to an emergency governor indicated at (Fig. l). The other arm of this lever overlies the cross bars 13 of both bell-cranks and by its thrust screws 27 is adapted to engage and depress said bars, spreading; the power arms 13 wide apart and away from their respective tappets as will be obvious. When this emergency lever acts the entire pump' mechanism instantly cut out of action to deliver fuel to the engine, since the suction valves ll remain open throughout both i'lireetions oi reciprocation of the reciprocating yoke structure.

Imlepemlent control of the each hell-crank is accomplished by the two levers 28 loosely mounted one on each of the rock shafts 15 between the supporting hearings thereof and the hubs ()l the segment gears inner arms of these levers overlie and en gage the studs 29 which project from the ends of the cross bars 13" and their outer arms areconnected to rods 30 so that a pull. on either red will swing one ,or the other helhcranlr and thereby depress the regulating valves of the corresponding cross bar and cut out of action either group of pumping cylinders independently of the other. On such movement the hell-erank merely tons on its eccentric hearing 14, its power arm 13" swinging away from its tappet arm l7 and independently of the angular positon of the rock shaft on which it is carried. .e two pull rods 30 run to the starting gear of the engine, not shown, being there mechanically coordinated with other parts whereby the engine cylinders, which are i for starting, by means of air pressure autolmitically shut oli from the source fuel supply while heing so used or at any U w ll needed, when reversing; the direction of the engine.

l 'rom the foregoingdescription it \Ylli-ij apparent that the. advantages of ind'vidual and group control, and oi joint re 'nlation of fuel delivery can he readily obtained by and mechanism for operating the latter, a

mechanically operated, delivery regulating member, an operatofs control to vary the timing of said member and an emergency hell-crank levers are so de The a time when the delivery of "fuel is not inders divided into double opposed groups, 149

dependently of the other group.

means for rendering said member inoperative :2 In an injection type combustion engrille, afucl pump comprising in combination wan the pumping elements, a pump operated, delivery-regulating, valve, an op erators control to vary the timing of said valve, an emergency governor control therefor adapted to render said valve inoperative and a second operators control also adapted to render the same inoperative.

3.. in an injection type combustion engine, a fuel pump comprising in combination with the pumping elements thereof, a delivery-regulatlug men'iber, a pump-operate-d, eeccntrically 'lulcrumed lever for actuating the same, a control means for shifting the axis of said fulcrum and a control means for swinging said lever on its fulcrum. independently ot' the pumping elements.

l. Ina multicylinder injection-type combustion engine, t'uel pump apparatus having multiple pumping, cylimlers divided into groups, means for conjointly varying the delivery from both groups according to the load and independent means for rendering either group inoperative forefiecting dc livery of fuel.

5. ln'a 'multi-eylinder injection type comhustion engine, fuel pump apparatus having unultiple pumping cylinders divided into groups; means comprising two inter-geared rock shafts for 'conjoualy varying the delivery from both groups and independent means for rendering either group inoperative for effecting delivery of fuel.

(3. In a multi-cylinder engine, fuel pump apparatushaving nudtiple pumping cylinders divided into groups and-disposcd in doubleopposed arrangement, means for conjointly varying the delivery from both groups and. independent means for rendering either group imiperative.

7. In a nudtheylimler.eomhustion engine in combination, a fuel pump having multiple pumping cylinders divided into groups, means. for conjointiy varying; the fuel delivery from all oi the cylinders in both groups, means for cutting), out delivery from either group imlependently of the other group and an emergency means for sinudtaneously cut ting out both groups. in a multi-cyhnder combustion engine a fuel pump having multiple. pumping;- cyla pair of inter-geared rock shafts adapted for conjointly varying; ,the fuel delivery from all of said cylinders, and means ior cutting out delivery from either group in- .125 5). in a multi-cylinder combustion engine,

in combination, a multi-cylinder fuel. pump,

a pump-operated eccentrics-oily fnlcrumed lever for controlling the delivery ire i the cylinders thereof, a control for shifting the 139 axis of said lever to vary the said delivery and a second control for swinging said lever on its fulcrum independently of the position of the axis of said lever.

10. In a multi-eylinder fuel pump for injection-type engines, the combination With a mechanically operated, delivery-regulating member for each cylinder of a bar operated by the pumping elements and common to a group of said members and adapted for controlling the same, means for independently adjusting the relation of each regulating member to said bar and a control means for varying the relation of said bar to the pumping elements to regulate the fuel delivery from the Whole group.

11. In a multi'cylinder fuel pump for injection-type engines, the combination with delivery regulating valves for each cylinder, of a member operated by the pumping elements and common to a group of said valves and adapted for controlling the periods thereof, means for independently adjusting the relation of each valve to said member, a control means for varying the relation of said member to the pump element and means independently of the pump element for shifting said member to cut out delivery from all of the cylinders.

12. In a multi-cylinder fuel pump for injection-type engines, a rowof parallel pumping cylinders disposed. side by side, an engine reciprocated cross head occupying substantially the.same plane as the cylinders and connected to the plungers thereof, delivery regulating valves for said cylinders disposed transversely to said plane, a yoke-driven lever for actuating said valves'and means for varying the relation. of said lever to said valve.

' .13. In a multi-cylinderfuel pump for injection-type engines, a double row of opposed pumping cylinders occupying a single plane, an engine-reciprocated yoke structure operating the plunger-s of said cylinders, a double row of delivery-regulating valves pertinent to said 0 linders and between the same, a yoke-operated lever for each row of valves and means for varying the. actuation of said valves thereby.

14. In a multi-cylinder fuel pump, the combination with a'reciprocating structure coordinated in action with the pumping plungers, an eccentrically fulcrunied valve lever actuated thereby, a control for shift- .ing the fulcrum and a member for rocking the lever on its fulcrum independently of said reciprocating structure.

15. In a. multi-cylinder fuel pump, the combination with a. reciprocating structure coordinated in action with the pumpingplungers, an eccentrically fulerumed valve lever actuated thereby, a control for shifting the fulcrum, a series of delivery regulating. valves operated by said lever and means for independently adjusting said valves to said lever.

16. In a multi-cylinder fuel pump, the combination with pumping cylinders and plungers, delivery regulating valves disposed transversely thereto, a bell-crank lever having one arm extended toward the plane of the plunger-s and operated in coordination therewith and its other arm extended into operating relation to said regulating valves and means for varying the relation of said bell-crank to vary the fuel delivery.

17. In a multi-cylinder fuel pump, the combination with pumping cylinders and plungers, delivery regulating valves disposed transversely thereto, a bell crank lever having one arm extended toward the plane of the plungers and operated in coilrdination therewith and its oth'e arm extended into operating relation to said regulating valves and a fulcrum for said lever which. is shiftable to vary the-fueldelivery.

18. In a multi-cylinder fuel pump, the combination with pump cylinders and oppositely acting pump plungers therein, of a series pf/delivery regulating valves disposed transversely to the cylinders, two bell-crank valve levers each operated in coordination with the pumping stroke in one direction and means for coincidently altering the relation of both lovers to vary the fuel delivery.

19. In a multi-eylinder fuel pump, the combination with the pump cylinders and oppositely acting pump plungers therein, of a series of delivery regulating valves disposed transversely to the cylinders, two valve levers each operated in coih'dinaiion with the pumping stroke in one direction and a shit'table eccentric fulcrum for each lever provided with means for coincidently and equally shifting said fulcra.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification.

ARTHUR S. HAWKS. 

